![]() At one time, Sun made most of its Java implementations available without charge, despite their proprietary software status. ![]() Java remains a de facto standard, controlled through the Java Community Process. In 1997, Sun Microsystems approached the ISO/IEC JTC 1 standards body and later the Ecma International to formalize Java, but it soon withdrew from the process. In 2006, for marketing purposes, Sun renamed new J2 versions as Java EE, Java ME, and Java SE, respectively. J2EE included technologies and APIs for enterprise applications typically run in server environments, while J2ME featured APIs optimized for mobile applications. With the advent of Java 2 (released initially as J2SE 1.2 in December 1998 – 1999), new versions had multiple configurations built for different types of platforms. The Java 1.0 compiler was re-written in Java by Arthur van Hoff to comply strictly with the Java 1.0 language specification. Major web browsers soon incorporated the ability to run Java applets within web pages, and Java quickly became popular. Fairly secure and featuring configurable security, it allowed network- and file-access restrictions. It promised write once, run anywhere (WORA) functionality, providing no-cost run-times on popular platforms. Sun Microsystems released the first public implementation as Java 1.0 in 1996. Gosling designed Java with a C/ C++-style syntax that system and application programmers would find familiar. Later the project went by the name Green and was finally renamed Java, from Java coffee, a type of coffee from Indonesia. The language was initially called Oak after an oak tree that stood outside Gosling's office. Java was originally designed for interactive television, but it was too advanced for the digital cable television industry at the time. James Gosling, Mike Sheridan, and Patrick Naughton initiated the Java language project in June 1991. Java was steadily on the top from mid-2015 to early 2020. See also: Java (software platform) § History Duke, the Java mascot James Gosling, the creator of Java, in 2008 The TIOBE programming language popularity index graph from 2002 to 2022. Java 8, 11, and 17 are previous LTS versions still officially supported. Oracle offers its own HotSpot Java Virtual Machine, however the official reference implementation is the OpenJDK JVM which is free open-source software and used by most developers and is the default JVM for almost all Linux distributions.Īs of September 2023, Java 21 is the latest version, which is also a long-term support (LTS) version. As of May 2007, in compliance with the specifications of the Java Community Process, Sun had relicensed most of its Java technologies under the GPL-2.0-only license. The original and reference implementation Java compilers, virtual machines, and class libraries were originally released by Sun under proprietary licenses. It was released in May 1995 as a core component of Sun Microsystems' Java platform. Java was originally developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems. Although still widely popular, there has been a gradual decline in use of Java in recent years with other languages using JVM gaining popularity. ![]() Java was the third most popular programming language in 2022 according to GitHub and it is ranked fourth on TIOBE index as of October 2023. Java gained popularity shortly after its release, and has been a very popular programming language since then. The Java runtime provides dynamic capabilities (such as reflection and runtime code modification) that are typically not available in traditional compiled languages. The syntax of Java is similar to C and C++, but has fewer low-level facilities than either of them. Java applications are typically compiled to bytecode that can run on any Java virtual machine (JVM) regardless of the underlying computer architecture. It is a general-purpose programming language intended to let programmers write once, run anywhere ( WORA), meaning that compiled Java code can run on all platforms that support Java without the need to recompile. Java is a high-level, class-based, object-oriented programming language that is designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible. Static, strong, safe, nominative, manifestĬLU, Simula67, Lisp, Smalltalk, Ada 83, C++, C#, Eiffel, Mesa, Modula-3, Oberon, Objective-C, UCSD Pascal, Object Pascal Īda 2005, BeanShell, C#, Chapel, Clojure, ECMAScript, Fantom, Gambas, Groovy, Hack, Haxe, J#, Kotlin, PHP, Python, Scala, Seed7, Vala, JavaScript, JS++ ![]() Multi-paradigm: generic, object-oriented ( class-based), functional, imperative, reflective, concurrent
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